{"id":19640,"date":"2024-12-26T14:50:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/"},"modified":"2026-02-18T18:45:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T16:45:25","slug":"2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 “\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633” \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 “\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633” \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 | \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong>
\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0641-\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a: “\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633”\u060c “\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0648-“\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a\u0648”.
“\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 | \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647<\/strong>
\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0641-\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0650\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633<\/a>.
\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631” \u0648-“\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629” \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 “\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633” \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":18295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5554],"tags":[7364,6364,5814,7365,6352,5641],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 "\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 • \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\u05dc-\u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1-\u05d1\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea-\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 "\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 • \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 "\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631" \u0648-"\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629" \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 "\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\u05dc-\u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1-\u05d1\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea-\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/maktoobooks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-26T12:50:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-18T16:45:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/467176408_964570552272355_7652011200256389402_n.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"850\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/\",\"name\":\"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \\\"\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\\\" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 • \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-26T12:50:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-18T16:45:25+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/667ee5d6064d7ee23b9eb92d992fd456\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 "\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/\",\"name\":\"\u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\",\"description\":\"\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/667ee5d6064d7ee23b9eb92d992fd456\",\"name\":\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/216efb4555c2bab08cd5b6922f572c8b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/216efb4555c2bab08cd5b6922f572c8b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd\"},\"description\":\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd - \u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e8\u05d2\u05de\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05e7\u05e5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05ea \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e8\u05d2\u05de\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05ea\u05e8, \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05de\u05d5 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/author\/kifahabdulhalim\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \"\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 • \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\u05dc-\u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1-\u05d1\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea-\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \"\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 • \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea","og_description":"\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\" \u0648-\"\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629\" \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \"\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\u05dc-\u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1-\u05d1\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea-\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e9\/","og_site_name":"\u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/maktoobooks\/","article_published_time":"2024-12-26T12:50:10+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-18T16:45:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":850,"url":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/467176408_964570552272355_7652011200256389402_n.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd","Est. reading time":"1 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/","url":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/","name":"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \"\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 • \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-12-26T12:50:10+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-18T16:45:25+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/667ee5d6064d7ee23b9eb92d992fd456"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/2-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%91%d7%97%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a9\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 "\u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633" \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/","name":"\u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05bc \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 - \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea","description":"\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/667ee5d6064d7ee23b9eb92d992fd456","name":"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/216efb4555c2bab08cd5b6922f572c8b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/216efb4555c2bab08cd5b6922f572c8b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd"},"description":"\u05db\u05e4\u05d0\u05d7 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd - \u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e8\u05d2\u05de\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05e7\u05e5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05ea \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e8\u05d2\u05de\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05ea\u05e8, \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05de\u05d5 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1.","url":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/author\/kifahabdulhalim\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/467176408_964570552272355_7652011200256389402_n.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19640"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19640"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19643,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19640\/revisions\/19643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maktoobooks.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}